Fundamentals of Windows

Fundamentals of Windows.

Computer:

A computer is an electronic & electrical device that automatically accepts stores
Manipulates data and gives the output.

Software :

software refers to the set of computer programs , procedures and associated
Documents that describe the programs and how they are to be used.

Hardware :

Hardware refers to components or individual pieces of the equipments or the physical
Devices of a computer.

Windows :

windows is an operating system introducing by Microsoft corporation. Windows is a
Multi-user , multi-threading , graphical user interface (gui) environment that runs on ms dos
Based Computers. windows provides a standard interface such as mouse .
Mouse is a pointing device.











Multi-tasking :
No of jobs ie. Two or more different independent program by the same computer.

Multi-processing :
program processing at time two or more inter – connected computers.

Muli-threading :
No of functions to be executed from same application package.

GUI : Graphical user interface that allows users to select file . programs or commands or pointing
Pictorial representations on the screen rather than by typing in the command prompt.

Desktop : it is the area on the screen where you work.

The icon :

The pictorial representation of the excutable files that can be run on windows
The user can find the icons in the program menu . they are small symbols with their
Application names written next to it .










PAINT

Start à Accessories à paint

Paintbrush : It is a drawing application by which we can create new pictures and
Also we can edit, scan photos. This application contains a toolbox and color box
On the left and bottom of the board .

Menu commands :

New à to create a new file.

Open à we can open any existed files
Save à we can save our work drawing file
Save as à we can save the working file as a new file ( copy of a file )
Page setup à we can specify the paper size source orientation .
( how the drawing prints on the paper vertically horizontally and also we can set
margins) (top, bottom, left, right)

set as wallpaper à This command we can set our drawing of paint as a wall paper



(background on desktop)

In the center of the screen of if it is a small picture can place it number of times
By using tiled options
Send : This command is used to send our picture as email attachment ( e-mail)

Undo à (ctrl + z) is used to get back previous position .
Cut à ( ctrl + x ) is used to cut the select the portion.
Copy à ( ctrl + c) is used to copy the object
Paste à ( ctrl + v ) is used to paste the copied or cut portion of the picture .
Paste from à we can paste the picture selected from other applications

Notepad

Notepad is a edit to create short text files, such as Memos or notes. A text files contain only letters , and other characters on key boards .
It does not contain special characters or formatting codes that are normally used in word
Processors .

Start à programs à accessories à notepad

File : -----

New à to create a new text file

Open à we can open and see the exited text file

Save à we can save the present working text file
After saving the file we have to save Avery 5 mints

MICROSYSS
Save as à saves the file with another name ( copy of a file )

Page setup à this is to specify the paper size source margins of the papers

Print à to take a copy of on the paper by using printer

Exit à to quit from notepad

Edit : -----

Undo (ctrl + z)à this is to get back the previous actions

Cut(ctrl + x)àfirst select the text and then edit à cut . place the cursor in the desired location Then edit à paste.

Copy (ctrl + c ) à to copy the text first select the desired text and then use paste command

Paste ( ctrl + v) à this command is to paste the cut or copied text .
Delete à select the text and use this command to remove it from the file

Select all à In order to select entire file click on this
Time / data (f5) à This command used to insert present time and date in to our file

Word wrap à This feature by which word automatically moves the text to next line when
It reaches the screen is known as word wrap.
In order to enable the word wrap just select the command from editàword wrap(check mark)
Appears and to disenable this do the same in (check mark disappears)


set font: This command set the font size, font name and style of the
Text (bold. italic) To entire file

Search:

To search for specific text in the file (letter, word,) can search.


Task bar :

The rectangular bar runs horizontally across the bottom of the screen is called taskbar. It
Includes start button , current time and the user is working the items are listed on the task bar.
The item shows you the names of the windows currently open on the desktop. The user can easily switch to different windows by clicking on its taskbar button.

Hiding the taskbar : right mouse button , click on the empty area of the taskbar
à listing command for the taskbar
à select properties
à click on “taskbar options” tab
à select auto Hide and than click ok
setting using taskbar options
à always on top
à show small icons in start menu
à show clock

Adding commands to the start menu :
Right click taskbar à start up menu à click add à browse à select one particular file.

MICROSYSS
Give the name of the file à finished à click ok .
My computer :

it is used to view the contents of a single folder or drive . Double click on
“ My computer “ on your desktop to display the drives available on your computer . it display
the folders available on that drive . there shall be folder for control panel , printers, and
dial up networking Double click a folder to see the files within the folders.

Windows explorer :

Windows explorer displays your files in a hierarchical structure. The left side of the windows explorer windows display the list of drives and folder, the right side display the contents of a select folder this is especially useful for copying and moving files .
you can open the folder that
Can contains the files you want to move or copy and than drag it to the folder you want to put it

Internet explorer :
Internet explorer is used to find and view information about anything on the web site
Internet explorer makes it easier to get more information from the world wide web site, Whether you are searching for new information or browsing your favorite web site.

Network neighborhood :
If the computer are connected to network , work you can use “Network” neighborhood to browse the network resources.




Recycle bin :

Recycle bin is an area that holds discarded items usually files and folder can store
The discarded items can be restored.

Double click ( Recycle bin ) à right click on the items à click on restore

Items can be permanently deleted if we click on “Delete” option instead of “Restore”
Recycle Bin properties :

Right click on the recycle bin --> properties .
Global : This option is used to set the drives independently or individually. In this option the size of the recycle bin can be to maximum percentage. In the second tab or the “C” drive can set the size allocated for recycle bin and in the same way for the D: drives.

Help :

Microsoft help used to learn more about windows 98 it help to find the contents and also
Troubleshoots the problem faced by the system.

Start à helpà search

à The search dialog box appears
à select the word or phrase you want to search for
à select “ show “Topic “
à select one of the topic in the lower list box and click on “ Go” TO “ button


Find :

This feature basically used for quickly locate the files and folders .
Start à find

In the named box type all or part of the file name

If the name of the particular file is not known click on
Browse and then

à Open the folder and click Ok
à click find now
Find:
Find tool is used to find any kind of files or folder in the directories and sub directories. Some option are like date and advanced to find files of any kind.
Start --> find --> files and folder.
Type the extension, in the box provided and select the folder in the location box to search and finally click “find now” button on the right side.
To find the files and folders according to the date they are created,
Select the “date” tab:
All files --> represents all the files you have mentioned in the “name and location” tab;
Find all files : represents all the files given between two dates.
Advanced : in advanced tab select a file type in “Off Type” and also mention it’s size.





Media Player:
Media player is used for audio, video, and animations. It is also used to control the hardware devices related to multimedia.
Start à programs à Accessories à Entertainment à Media Player.

To open file, File à open à browse à select the file àok.

Printer:
Printer is an out put device used to get the hard copy from the system. To get the printouts of any information from the system, give the required information of the file and also for the printer. Before going to print a file, mention the printer’s name and paper properties. Otherwise, it selects the default printer.
To install a printer:
Start à settings à printers à Add printer.

Right click the “add printer” à next à local printer à Select the name of the manufacturer from the left pane and it’s printer’s name from the right slide à next à set “no” for default printer à set “no” for the print out sample. à ok.

Scheduled Task:
This tool is used to run any application as per the schedule. The tools or application scheduled in this tool are run automatically as per the given date and time.
To Add Scheduled task:
Start à programs à accessories à system tools à Scheduled task.

Right click the “Add scheduled tasks” à Open à next à Select the application à next à select the option to perform the task. àselect the day and the time à next à finish.



Scandisk :
This tool is used to check errors in the system area and in the data area.
If any errors are found, scandisk rectifies and deletes the unwanted files from
the system.
Start à programs à Accessories à system Tools à scandisk
Select “standard” for files and folder to check errors. Inorder to check system
Files and folder, select “through” à options. Give tick to any one of the options.
The first one checks the “system” as well as the data area. The second checks
System area and the third one checks the data area only.



Disk Defragmenter:
This tool first fragments the disk and then defragments it. It removes all the unwanted files and folder which are not useful for the user. By doing so, it
Increases the space as well as the processing speed of the CPU.
Start à programs à Acccessories à system toIols à disk defragmnentor

Disk Clean Up : Clears all the errors from the files and folder.


Difference between Dos and Windows:

DOS WINDOWS
1. 8/16 bit O/S 1. Windows 32 bit O/S
2. single user 2. Multi user
3. Single Tasking 3. Multi Tasking
4. Single Threading 4. Multi threading
5. CUI (character 5. GUI ( Graphical User Interface)
User Interface)



Control Panel :
Control panel used set the settings for the system such as number formats in case of numbers, settings related to characters, date and time,
Mouse settings, appearance of the window, etc.

The main option available are:
1. Add or Remove Programs
2. Date and Time
3. Desktop Themes
4. Display
5. Mouse
6. Keyboard.
7. Regional Settings

1. Add or Remove Program : This is an important tool used to add or to remove any programs from the system. By using this tool, it is easy to add any programs if required and if not in use, it can be removed.
2. Date and Time : The Date and Time window is used to set the current date and system time. The time is shown on the task bar.
Start à settings à control panel à date and time.
3. Desktop Themes : This option gives different settings for the text, background, font, style, etc. There are many settings in this tool. For each and every theme, different font style, background, text color , etc changes.
Start à settings à control panel à desktop themes.

4. Display : Displays about the background settings of the monitor and it’s display functions. Background is used for the appearance of the desktop area and screen saver used to save the screen when the system is free. Appearance sets the style for the windows and its text properties and it’s display properties.


5. Mouse : Mouse is the pointing device used to point the objects. Using mouse one can do any operations easily like saving the file, creating a folder, printing the file, placing the cursor in the desired location, etc

6. Mouse, button option is used for the left handed and the right handed properties, pointer tab is used for the different shapes of the pointer used by the mouse in different situations. And the motion Tab is used to control the motion / speed of the mouse pointer.

7. Keyboard : Keyboard is an input device. It’s a standard device used to feed information in the system. The properties available are speed and the language. The speed indicates the cursor speed rate and the delay speed of the text and also the repeat speed of the text. The keyboard must set to understand a language.


8. Regional Settings : Regional settings is an important tool that any changes made here affects in all the applications. The changes can be made on numbers, currency, area, date and the time functions. For numbers, it can be on decimal symbols, negative symbols, grouping, etc. For date, it has long form and short form, etc. For currency, the formats will be different in different locations.