Sunday, August 03, 2008
I think Most of most of the bloggers and blog readers are using twitter.com and most of the blogs tittles are available through twitter now. tec-updates.blogspot.com is also providing the updates through twitter. Just follow www.twittter.com/tecupdates. to get the updates. The feed to twitter message conversion powered by Twitterfeed.com
Friday, January 04, 2008
SHORTCUT KEYS IN ADOBE PAGE MAKER
SHORTCUT KEYS IN ADOBE PAGE MAKER
Ctrl + A : Select all
Ctrl + Shift + B : To switch ON/OFF bold for the selected text
Ctrl + Shift + I : To switch ON/OFF italic option for selected text
Ctrl + Shift + U : To switch ON/OFF underline for selected text
Ctrl + Shift + C : Center alignment of selected text
Ctrl + Shift + L : Left alignment of selected text
Ctrl + Shift + R : Right alignment of selected text
Ctrl + Shift + J : Justification alignment of selected text
Ctrl + Shift + P : Document setup
Ctrl + K : General preferences
Ctrl + P : To print the current publication
Ctrl + U : Fill and stroke dialog box
Ctrl + Shift + < : To decrease the font size
Ctrl + Shift + > : To increase the font size
Ctrl + 1 : Zooming to Actual size (100%)
Ctrl + 2 : Zooming to Double size (200%)
Ctrl + 5 : Zooming to half size (50%)
Ctrl + 0 : Zooming to fit window
Ctrl + J : Colours dialog box
Ctrl + Shift + F : Forced justification of selected text
Ctrl + Space Bar : To get the zoom tool
Ctrl + D : To place an object
Ctrl + N : To create new publication
Ctrl + O : To open the existing publication
Ctrl + S : To save the current publication
Ctrl + C : To copy the selected object or text to clip board
Ctrl + X : To cut the selected object or text
Ctrl + V : To paste the cut or copied object or text
Ctrl + Z : Undo the previous operation
Ctrl + T : Font specification dialog box
Ctrl + M : Paragraph specification dialog box
Ctrl + I : Tab settings dialog box
Ctrl + Shift + X : To remove the horizontal scale for selected text
Ctrl + Shift + E : Align objects
Ctrl + Shift + Q : To remove the tracking for selected text
Ctrl + Shift + ] : To bring the selected object to front
Ctrl + Shift + [ : To send the selected object to back
Ctrl + Shift + V : To make reverse for selected text
Thursday, January 03, 2008
SQL NOTES
To create a table
==========
SQL> create table thu1(id number(3));
Table created.
To view the structure of table
==================
SQL> desc thu1;
Name Null? Type
------------------------------- -------- ----
ID NUMBER(3)
To add unique constraint after the table creation
==============================
SQL> alter table thu1 add constraint idun unique(id);
Table altered.
SQL> insert into thu1 values(&id);
Enter value for id: 1
old 1: insert into thu1 values(&id)
new 1: insert into thu1 values(1)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 2
old 1: insert into thu1 values(&id)
new 1: insert into thu1 values(2)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 3
old 1: insert into thu1 values(&id)
new 1: insert into thu1 values(3)
1 row created.
SQL> select * from thu1;
ID
---------
1
2
3
To drop the constraint
==============
SQL> alter table thu1 drop constraint idun;
Table altered.
SQL> insert into thu1 values(&id);
Enter value for id: 2
old 1: insert into thu1 values(&id)
new 1: insert into thu1 values(2)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 3
old 1: insert into thu1 values(&id)
new 1: insert into thu1 values(3)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 4
old 1: insert into thu1 values(&id)
new 1: insert into thu1 values(4)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 1
old 1: insert into thu1 values(&id)
new 1: insert into thu1 values(1)
1 row created.
SQL> select * from thu1;
ID
---------
1
2
3
4
2
3
4
1
8 rows selected.
To give check constraint
===============
SQL> create table rno(id number(3), check (id > 100 and id <> insert into rno values(&id);
Enter value for id: 101
old 1: insert into rno values(&id)
new 1: insert into rno values(101)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 102
old 1: insert into rno values(&id)
new 1: insert into rno values(102)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 103
old 1: insert into rno values(&id)
new 1: insert into rno values(103)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 104
old 1: insert into rno values(&id)
new 1: insert into rno values(104)
1 row created.
SQL> alter table rno add(sex char(1), check (sex in( 'm' , 'f')));
Table altered.
SQL> truncate table rno;
Table truncated.
SQL> insert into rno values(&id,'&sex');
Enter value for id: 101
Enter value for sex: m
old 1: insert into rno values(&id,'&sex')
new 1: insert into rno values(101,'m')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 102
Enter value for sex: f
old 1: insert into rno values(&id,'&sex')
new 1: insert into rno values(102,'f')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 104
Enter value for sex: f
old 1: insert into rno values(&id,'&sex')
new 1: insert into rno values(104,'f')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 105
Enter value for sex: m
old 1: insert into rno values(&id,'&sex')
new 1: insert into rno values(105,'m')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 121
Enter value for sex: m
old 1: insert into rno values(&id,'&sex')
new 1: insert into rno values(121,'m')
insert into rno values(121,'m')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (KARTHICK.SYS_C00616) violated
SQL> /
Enter value for id: 115
Enter value for sex: j
old 1: insert into rno values(&id,'&sex')
new 1: insert into rno values(115,'j')
insert into rno values(115,'j')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (KARTHICK.SYS_C00617) violated
SQL> spool off;
Tuesday, January 01, 2008
SPEED YOUR BROAD BAND CONNECTION
To speed up the Internet connection speed we need to configure a special buffer in the computer's memory in order to enable it to better deal with interrupts made from the NIC or the USB modem.
This tip is only recommended if you have 256MB RAM or higher.
Step #1 - Identify the IRQ used by the NIC/USB modem
Follow these steps:
1.Open the System Information tool by running MSINFO32.EXE from the Run command.
2.Expand System Summary > Hardware Resources > IRQs.
3.Look for the listing made for your NIC (in my case - a Intel(R) PRO/100+ Management Adapter). Note the IRQ next to the specified line (in my case - IRQ21).
In case of USB modems you will first need to find the right USB device used by your modem. Follow these steps:
1.Open the Device Manager tool by running DEVMGMT.MSC from the Run command (or by right-clicking My Computer > Hardware tab > Device Manager button).
2.Scroll down to Universal Serial Bus controllers and expand it.
3.Right-click the USB Root Hub and select Properties. Note that you might need to do so for all listed USB Root hubs (if there are more than one) in order to find the right one.
4.In the Power tab, look for your USB ADSL modem.
5.In the Resources tab look for the assigned IRQ (in this case - IRQ21).
6.This is the IRQ we're looking for.
Lamer note: IRQs and modem names might vary...
Step #2 - Modify the system.ini file
Follow these steps:
1.Run SYSEDIT.EXE from the Run command.
2.Expand the system.ini file window.
3.Scroll down almost to the end of the file till you find a line called [386enh].
4.Press Enter to make one blank line, and in that line type
IrqX=4096
where X is the designated IRQ number we found in step #1, in my case it's IRQ21.
Note: This line IS CASE SENSITIVE!!!
5.Click on the File menu, then choose Save.
6.Close SYSEDIT and reboot your computer.
Done. Speed improvement will be noticed after the computer reboots.
This tip is only recommended if you have 256MB RAM or higher.
Step #1 - Identify the IRQ used by the NIC/USB modem
Follow these steps:
1.Open the System Information tool by running MSINFO32.EXE from the Run command.
2.Expand System Summary > Hardware Resources > IRQs.
3.Look for the listing made for your NIC (in my case - a Intel(R) PRO/100+ Management Adapter). Note the IRQ next to the specified line (in my case - IRQ21).
In case of USB modems you will first need to find the right USB device used by your modem. Follow these steps:
1.Open the Device Manager tool by running DEVMGMT.MSC from the Run command (or by right-clicking My Computer > Hardware tab > Device Manager button).
2.Scroll down to Universal Serial Bus controllers and expand it.
3.Right-click the USB Root Hub and select Properties. Note that you might need to do so for all listed USB Root hubs (if there are more than one) in order to find the right one.
4.In the Power tab, look for your USB ADSL modem.
5.In the Resources tab look for the assigned IRQ (in this case - IRQ21).
6.This is the IRQ we're looking for.
Lamer note: IRQs and modem names might vary...
Step #2 - Modify the system.ini file
Follow these steps:
1.Run SYSEDIT.EXE from the Run command.
2.Expand the system.ini file window.
3.Scroll down almost to the end of the file till you find a line called [386enh].
4.Press Enter to make one blank line, and in that line type
IrqX=4096
where X is the designated IRQ number we found in step #1, in my case it's IRQ21.
Note: This line IS CASE SENSITIVE!!!
5.Click on the File menu, then choose Save.
6.Close SYSEDIT and reboot your computer.
Done. Speed improvement will be noticed after the computer reboots.
Ms-Word IN ALL
Ms-Word
Ms word is a one of the package in ms office we can used the various documents we can use drafting letters generating memos web pages print documents draw tables resumes bio-data notices reports faxes
Features of Ms-Word.
Ms word have some features like spelling & grammar, highlighters the mistakes auto format auto text, bookmark, hyperlinks, change case, bullets images Pictures ,ole, backgrounds colors, comments ,zoom, mail merge, paste special
start the ms word
start button -> go to run-> type the
WinWord press enter
---------------
Background: setting the background
format ->background ->select any color or select fill effects and select any of the patterns,
textures, gradients or picture as background
removing the background
format -> background -> no fills
Reversing the foreground to background
This option can reverse the colors like the blue back ground and white text for easy editing
Tools -> options click the general view tab and check the option Blue "background white text" click
Auto save:
word can save the automatically even if your save command is not click
word can save with auto recover option get activated when the power turned off or
directly power failure. this period for A/r/s can set
toolsàoptions click the save tab and set the Auto recover info every 5 minutes save
font :
we can changing the font style, size, special effects can applied with the help of this box
select the text format and we change required font
ms word equation
ex: a2 + b2 + 2ab = 0
effect the superscript
ex: Na2 + h2+o so4 = 0
effect the subscript
Spell check:
Correcting the spelling mistakes and the grammatical mistakes with the help of spell check or with the help of spelling and grammar status, Word the spelling mistakes with red zigzag lines and the grammar with green zigzag lines.
To display the mistakes in the document ToolsàOptions checks the option spelling as you type and check grammar as you type’
Correcting the errors:
Rightt click on the mistakes and select the correct wtord or double click the spelling and grammar sttatus book at the bottom in the status bar and select the correct word .
Toolsàspelling and Grammar
This will start the correction from th6e start of the document antd will highlight the mistakes with suggestions click the Change button to correct it or click the ignotre button to reject the suggestion.
Mail merge:
Creating form letter:
Open the new document type the message from address
Live a line for the address.
Toolsàmail merge
This will load mail merge helper to lode mail merging Sequences.
Click the first button under document and select from letters.
Click the active view document button to select the main doc.
Now from mail Marge helper click .2-step button under data sources and select create data source remove all the filled names and add new ones like name ,address ,phone, postal code etc .
Click the ok button and save filled new document give the name for the data sources click save button.
This will promote to edit data source click edit data source button and start adding fields. Finally click ok button to close the edit box.
In the main document click insert merge filed from the mail merge toolbar. add all the fields into document click the view merge data button to view the data in the document.
Toolsàmail merge click last button under merge document.
Check all the records to be merged and click merge button.
This will create a new document called as form letters1
With all records in different pages. this pages can be printed.
Style;
The topic heading headings caption form the style
Applying the style :
Place the insertion pointer in font of the text format à style
Select heading 1 or any style for the text
Shortcut click the style box and select any heading style
Placing a line in the document :
Format à borders and shading click the horizontal line button and select any of the line
Image and click the insert button in it
Themes :
This option allows one setting for all the elements in the document like the background
Line bullets styles
Format à themes select any of the theme ex: sumi painting rice paper simple head and
Click the ok button
Hyperlinks :
These are links which make a connection between two different documents or any other
Application . the connection will be display with the help of any text or image the hyperlink text will be blue and underlined once the link is visited, it brown to indicate that it is visited link .
Creating a hyperlink :
Select the text insert à hyperlink
Click the file button and locate the file and click the open button . click the ok
Button in the hyperlink .
Bookmark :
A location or reference point in the document is called as bookmark . this bookmark
Can be used for further reference of the location or interconnection of the location to some other location within the same document .
Creating the bookmark :
Place the insertion pointer at the point where reference should be continued
Insert à bookmark
Type any name for the bookmark ex : mom click add
Moving to the bookmark :
Edit : go to click other wise shortcut key ctrl + G under ‘ go to what .’ select bookmark
And select the bookmark from the column box click go to button
Finally click the close button
Hyperlink to bookmark :
Select the text insert à hyperlink
Click the bookmark button . locate the bookmark and click the ok buttons
Removing the links :
Select the link insert à hyperlink click the remove link button to clear the link
Editing :
Shortcuts :
Copy à ctrl + c
Cut à ctrl + x
Paste à ctrl + v
Clear à delete
Paste special :
This option allows the user to paste the object in the required format
Paste as link will paste the object in the form of a connection . what ever changes are
rMade in the sources will affects the paste object
Copy the object edit à
From the list of format select the required format and click the ok button .
Paste as hyperlink :
This option is paste the selected object as link . this will connect the source this connection can be be used for checking the sources or as a reference .
Copy the text source
Edit à paste as hyperlink
Click the link to move to the source .
Use the back button to move back .
Inserting images in the document :
place the insertion pointer where the image is needed . inert àpicture à from file/from
clipart .
Captions :
Captions are small text which describes about the image equation or table .
Insert àcaption
Select the required caption like picture image table or equation and click the ok button
Caption update themselves automatically .
Auto caption :
This caption will be inserted automatically whenever an image , table equation or any object is inserted .
Insert à caption click the auto caption button and select the object name from the list .
Ex: ms word picture is for clipart check the option and select the label as image and select the position as below the object and click the ok button .
Next time when an image an image is inserted in the document , the caption will be placed below it .
Footnote :
The text placed below the page or the document is called as footnote .
Footnote refers to text placed at the bottom of the page
Endnote refers to the text at the end of the document .
Insert à footnote
Type a note in the footnote area and click the close button
To see the footnotes view à footnotes
Endnotes
Comments :
Comments are text which gives a brief remarks about an object or word .
Insert à comments type the comment in the comment box and click the close button
To view the comment view à comments or move the mouse over the highlighted text
The comments also display the user name .
To change the user name . Tools à options click the user information tab and change the name of the user .
Inserting symbols :
§ Symbols can be used to represent a text or any word . symbols are even used for writing mathematical equations .
Insert à symbol
Select the required symbol and click the insert button after inserting all the equations
Click the close button .
Auto format :
This feature can convert the selected text into the required format like word format ,
Letter format or the e-mail format .
Select the text . format à auto format select general format and click the ok button .
Auto text : J L ó
à ß
This features can automatically complete a word . while typing word prompts with the
Correct word pressing the enter key will automatically complete the word ex : Nane .
Creating a auto text :
Insert à auto text
Type the auto text entry in the textbox and click the add button .
Templates :
Templates are the base for any document . the document will be created depending upon the template like the background , font , theme , tables .
Creating a template :
File à new select any category and select the one very near to the requirement eg blank document under general . under create new check template click ok button
Now set the background or set any theme , etc
Save the template give any name for the template and click ok
Template are store with extension of *.dot .
Drawing a graph :
Click the area where the graph is needed insert àobject
Select the object as ms graph 2000 chart and click ok button .
Table of contents :
This feature selects all the heading and sub topics along with their page numbers and places a copy of them as hyperlinks .
Click the top of the document .
Insert àindex and tables click the “ tables of contents ” tab and set the heading level to select the format as formal set the tab leader as none , check the page number option and click the ok .
Tables of figures :
This features can display the table of image , tables or any other objects .
Insert àindex and table
Click the table of figures tab and set the caption to table and click the ok
Will list the tables in the document if they have the caption as table .
Track changes :
We changes made in the document will be highlighted with the help of different color
Formats . this helps in checking the changes made in the document like insertion deletion and formats . placing the mouse over the changes will display the change along with the user name .
Tools àTrack changes à highlight changes
Check the option highlight changes while editing and click ok
Make any changes in the document like deletion of any text or insertion of text will be highlighted with different colors and formats .
To change the highlight colors
Tools à options click the track changes tab and change the required colors for highlighting .
Correcting the changes .
Accepts or reject the text in the document .
Table :
To insert a table into the document click on the area where the table is needed
Table àinsert à table
Select the number of columns as 4 and the number of rows as 2 and under behavior select auto fit to contents . click the ok button .
Purchased items
Items Qty Rate Total
Books 4 4.5 18
Pens 6 7.5 45
Papers 50 0.5 25
Pencils 12 1.5 18
total 106
Table 1 list of items
Drawing a table :
Table à draw table
With the help of the mouse draw the borders for the table and then draw the columns then the rows for the table . to erase a line from the table click the eraser tools and draw a line on the table line .
Calculations in the table :
Names Math Science Social Total
Mahesh 39 34 60 133
Suresh 40 57 35 132
Somesh 55 67 70 192
Ramesh 76 33 61 170
Lokesh 66 36 80 182
Table 2 simple marks card .
Place the insertion pointer in the result area and table àformula
Select the required function from paste function and click the ok button .
Ex : =sum(left) or product(left) .
Calculations in table :
Name Code Basic HRA Gross
Charles 224 654 254 1132
Champion 369 841 962 2172
Table 3 pay slip
Table Auto format :
Applying different colors to the table fields , data -----
Click anywhere in the table and Table àtable auto format
Select any auto format from the list like simple 1, classic 3 , colorful ---
Under formats to apply uncheck auto fit and click the ok button .
Tables borders :
To set the border for the table select the whole table . click anywhere in the table
Table àselect àTable
To change the borders of the table format àborders and shading
Click the custom setting ,select any style then set the color and finally select the width
For the line .
Table alignment :
Click anywhere in the table and àproperties
Locate the position for the table like left alignment, center or right alignment .
Then click the text wrap option as ‘None’ or select around which will wrap the text around the table .
Sorting the table:
Click anywhere in the table. Tableàsort
Check the option my list has header Row then select the column name, select the data
Type in the next fled then selects the sorting order as ascending order and clicks the ok
Button.
Drawing a Graph:
Click the area where the graph is needed Insertàobject Select the object as
MS Graph 2000 chart and click the ok button.
Ms word is a one of the package in ms office we can used the various documents we can use drafting letters generating memos web pages print documents draw tables resumes bio-data notices reports faxes
Features of Ms-Word.
Ms word have some features like spelling & grammar, highlighters the mistakes auto format auto text, bookmark, hyperlinks, change case, bullets images Pictures ,ole, backgrounds colors, comments ,zoom, mail merge, paste special
start the ms word
start button -> go to run-> type the
WinWord press enter
---------------
Background: setting the background
format ->background ->select any color or select fill effects and select any of the patterns,
textures, gradients or picture as background
removing the background
format -> background -> no fills
Reversing the foreground to background
This option can reverse the colors like the blue back ground and white text for easy editing
Tools -> options click the general view tab and check the option Blue "background white text" click
Auto save:
word can save the automatically even if your save command is not click
word can save with auto recover option get activated when the power turned off or
directly power failure. this period for A/r/s can set
toolsàoptions click the save tab and set the Auto recover info every 5 minutes save
font :
we can changing the font style, size, special effects can applied with the help of this box
select the text format and we change required font
ms word equation
ex: a2 + b2 + 2ab = 0
effect the superscript
ex: Na2 + h2+o so4 = 0
effect the subscript
Spell check:
Correcting the spelling mistakes and the grammatical mistakes with the help of spell check or with the help of spelling and grammar status, Word the spelling mistakes with red zigzag lines and the grammar with green zigzag lines.
To display the mistakes in the document ToolsàOptions checks the option spelling as you type and check grammar as you type’
Correcting the errors:
Rightt click on the mistakes and select the correct wtord or double click the spelling and grammar sttatus book at the bottom in the status bar and select the correct word .
Toolsàspelling and Grammar
This will start the correction from th6e start of the document antd will highlight the mistakes with suggestions click the Change button to correct it or click the ignotre button to reject the suggestion.
Mail merge:
Creating form letter:
Open the new document type the message from address
Live a line for the address.
Toolsàmail merge
This will load mail merge helper to lode mail merging Sequences.
Click the first button under document and select from letters.
Click the active view document button to select the main doc.
Now from mail Marge helper click .2-step button under data sources and select create data source remove all the filled names and add new ones like name ,address ,phone, postal code etc .
Click the ok button and save filled new document give the name for the data sources click save button.
This will promote to edit data source click edit data source button and start adding fields. Finally click ok button to close the edit box.
In the main document click insert merge filed from the mail merge toolbar. add all the fields into document click the view merge data button to view the data in the document.
Toolsàmail merge click last button under merge document.
Check all the records to be merged and click merge button.
This will create a new document called as form letters1
With all records in different pages. this pages can be printed.
Style;
The topic heading headings caption form the style
Applying the style :
Place the insertion pointer in font of the text format à style
Select heading 1 or any style for the text
Shortcut click the style box and select any heading style
Placing a line in the document :
Format à borders and shading click the horizontal line button and select any of the line
Image and click the insert button in it
Themes :
This option allows one setting for all the elements in the document like the background
Line bullets styles
Format à themes select any of the theme ex: sumi painting rice paper simple head and
Click the ok button
Hyperlinks :
These are links which make a connection between two different documents or any other
Application . the connection will be display with the help of any text or image the hyperlink text will be blue and underlined once the link is visited, it brown to indicate that it is visited link .
Creating a hyperlink :
Select the text insert à hyperlink
Click the file button and locate the file and click the open button . click the ok
Button in the hyperlink .
Bookmark :
A location or reference point in the document is called as bookmark . this bookmark
Can be used for further reference of the location or interconnection of the location to some other location within the same document .
Creating the bookmark :
Place the insertion pointer at the point where reference should be continued
Insert à bookmark
Type any name for the bookmark ex : mom click add
Moving to the bookmark :
Edit : go to click other wise shortcut key ctrl + G under ‘ go to what .’ select bookmark
And select the bookmark from the column box click go to button
Finally click the close button
Hyperlink to bookmark :
Select the text insert à hyperlink
Click the bookmark button . locate the bookmark and click the ok buttons
Removing the links :
Select the link insert à hyperlink click the remove link button to clear the link
Editing :
Shortcuts :
Copy à ctrl + c
Cut à ctrl + x
Paste à ctrl + v
Clear à delete
Paste special :
This option allows the user to paste the object in the required format
Paste as link will paste the object in the form of a connection . what ever changes are
rMade in the sources will affects the paste object
Copy the object edit à
From the list of format select the required format and click the ok button .
Paste as hyperlink :
This option is paste the selected object as link . this will connect the source this connection can be be used for checking the sources or as a reference .
Copy the text source
Edit à paste as hyperlink
Click the link to move to the source .
Use the back button to move back .
Inserting images in the document :
place the insertion pointer where the image is needed . inert àpicture à from file/from
clipart .
Captions :
Captions are small text which describes about the image equation or table .
Insert àcaption
Select the required caption like picture image table or equation and click the ok button
Caption update themselves automatically .
Auto caption :
This caption will be inserted automatically whenever an image , table equation or any object is inserted .
Insert à caption click the auto caption button and select the object name from the list .
Ex: ms word picture is for clipart check the option and select the label as image and select the position as below the object and click the ok button .
Next time when an image an image is inserted in the document , the caption will be placed below it .
Footnote :
The text placed below the page or the document is called as footnote .
Footnote refers to text placed at the bottom of the page
Endnote refers to the text at the end of the document .
Insert à footnote
Type a note in the footnote area and click the close button
To see the footnotes view à footnotes
Endnotes
Comments :
Comments are text which gives a brief remarks about an object or word .
Insert à comments type the comment in the comment box and click the close button
To view the comment view à comments or move the mouse over the highlighted text
The comments also display the user name .
To change the user name . Tools à options click the user information tab and change the name of the user .
Inserting symbols :
§ Symbols can be used to represent a text or any word . symbols are even used for writing mathematical equations .
Insert à symbol
Select the required symbol and click the insert button after inserting all the equations
Click the close button .
Auto format :
This feature can convert the selected text into the required format like word format ,
Letter format or the e-mail format .
Select the text . format à auto format select general format and click the ok button .
Auto text : J L ó
à ß
This features can automatically complete a word . while typing word prompts with the
Correct word pressing the enter key will automatically complete the word ex : Nane .
Creating a auto text :
Insert à auto text
Type the auto text entry in the textbox and click the add button .
Templates :
Templates are the base for any document . the document will be created depending upon the template like the background , font , theme , tables .
Creating a template :
File à new select any category and select the one very near to the requirement eg blank document under general . under create new check template click ok button
Now set the background or set any theme , etc
Save the template give any name for the template and click ok
Template are store with extension of *.dot .
Drawing a graph :
Click the area where the graph is needed insert àobject
Select the object as ms graph 2000 chart and click ok button .
Table of contents :
This feature selects all the heading and sub topics along with their page numbers and places a copy of them as hyperlinks .
Click the top of the document .
Insert àindex and tables click the “ tables of contents ” tab and set the heading level to select the format as formal set the tab leader as none , check the page number option and click the ok .
Tables of figures :
This features can display the table of image , tables or any other objects .
Insert àindex and table
Click the table of figures tab and set the caption to table and click the ok
Will list the tables in the document if they have the caption as table .
Track changes :
We changes made in the document will be highlighted with the help of different color
Formats . this helps in checking the changes made in the document like insertion deletion and formats . placing the mouse over the changes will display the change along with the user name .
Tools àTrack changes à highlight changes
Check the option highlight changes while editing and click ok
Make any changes in the document like deletion of any text or insertion of text will be highlighted with different colors and formats .
To change the highlight colors
Tools à options click the track changes tab and change the required colors for highlighting .
Correcting the changes .
Accepts or reject the text in the document .
Table :
To insert a table into the document click on the area where the table is needed
Table àinsert à table
Select the number of columns as 4 and the number of rows as 2 and under behavior select auto fit to contents . click the ok button .
Purchased items
Items Qty Rate Total
Books 4 4.5 18
Pens 6 7.5 45
Papers 50 0.5 25
Pencils 12 1.5 18
total 106
Table 1 list of items
Drawing a table :
Table à draw table
With the help of the mouse draw the borders for the table and then draw the columns then the rows for the table . to erase a line from the table click the eraser tools and draw a line on the table line .
Calculations in the table :
Names Math Science Social Total
Mahesh 39 34 60 133
Suresh 40 57 35 132
Somesh 55 67 70 192
Ramesh 76 33 61 170
Lokesh 66 36 80 182
Table 2 simple marks card .
Place the insertion pointer in the result area and table àformula
Select the required function from paste function and click the ok button .
Ex : =sum(left) or product(left) .
Calculations in table :
Name Code Basic HRA Gross
Charles 224 654 254 1132
Champion 369 841 962 2172
Table 3 pay slip
Table Auto format :
Applying different colors to the table fields , data -----
Click anywhere in the table and Table àtable auto format
Select any auto format from the list like simple 1, classic 3 , colorful ---
Under formats to apply uncheck auto fit and click the ok button .
Tables borders :
To set the border for the table select the whole table . click anywhere in the table
Table àselect àTable
To change the borders of the table format àborders and shading
Click the custom setting ,select any style then set the color and finally select the width
For the line .
Table alignment :
Click anywhere in the table and àproperties
Locate the position for the table like left alignment, center or right alignment .
Then click the text wrap option as ‘None’ or select around which will wrap the text around the table .
Sorting the table:
Click anywhere in the table. Tableàsort
Check the option my list has header Row then select the column name, select the data
Type in the next fled then selects the sorting order as ascending order and clicks the ok
Button.
Drawing a Graph:
Click the area where the graph is needed Insertàobject Select the object as
MS Graph 2000 chart and click the ok button.
Fundamentals of Windows
Fundamentals of Windows.
Computer:
A computer is an electronic & electrical device that automatically accepts stores
Manipulates data and gives the output.
Software :
software refers to the set of computer programs , procedures and associated
Documents that describe the programs and how they are to be used.
Hardware :
Hardware refers to components or individual pieces of the equipments or the physical
Devices of a computer.
Windows :
windows is an operating system introducing by Microsoft corporation. Windows is a
Multi-user , multi-threading , graphical user interface (gui) environment that runs on ms dos
Based Computers. windows provides a standard interface such as mouse .
Mouse is a pointing device.
Multi-tasking :
No of jobs ie. Two or more different independent program by the same computer.
Multi-processing :
program processing at time two or more inter – connected computers.
Muli-threading :
No of functions to be executed from same application package.
GUI : Graphical user interface that allows users to select file . programs or commands or pointing
Pictorial representations on the screen rather than by typing in the command prompt.
Desktop : it is the area on the screen where you work.
The icon :
The pictorial representation of the excutable files that can be run on windows
The user can find the icons in the program menu . they are small symbols with their
Application names written next to it .
PAINT
Start à Accessories à paint
Paintbrush : It is a drawing application by which we can create new pictures and
Also we can edit, scan photos. This application contains a toolbox and color box
On the left and bottom of the board .
Menu commands :
New à to create a new file.
Open à we can open any existed files
Save à we can save our work drawing file
Save as à we can save the working file as a new file ( copy of a file )
Page setup à we can specify the paper size source orientation .
( how the drawing prints on the paper vertically horizontally and also we can set
margins) (top, bottom, left, right)
set as wallpaper à This command we can set our drawing of paint as a wall paper
(background on desktop)
In the center of the screen of if it is a small picture can place it number of times
By using tiled options
Send : This command is used to send our picture as email attachment ( e-mail)
Undo à (ctrl + z) is used to get back previous position .
Cut à ( ctrl + x ) is used to cut the select the portion.
Copy à ( ctrl + c) is used to copy the object
Paste à ( ctrl + v ) is used to paste the copied or cut portion of the picture .
Paste from à we can paste the picture selected from other applications
Notepad
Notepad is a edit to create short text files, such as Memos or notes. A text files contain only letters , and other characters on key boards .
It does not contain special characters or formatting codes that are normally used in word
Processors .
Start à programs à accessories à notepad
File : -----
New à to create a new text file
Open à we can open and see the exited text file
Save à we can save the present working text file
After saving the file we have to save Avery 5 mints
MICROSYSS
Save as à saves the file with another name ( copy of a file )
Page setup à this is to specify the paper size source margins of the papers
Print à to take a copy of on the paper by using printer
Exit à to quit from notepad
Edit : -----
Undo (ctrl + z)à this is to get back the previous actions
Cut(ctrl + x)àfirst select the text and then edit à cut . place the cursor in the desired location Then edit à paste.
Copy (ctrl + c ) à to copy the text first select the desired text and then use paste command
Paste ( ctrl + v) à this command is to paste the cut or copied text .
Delete à select the text and use this command to remove it from the file
Select all à In order to select entire file click on this
Time / data (f5) à This command used to insert present time and date in to our file
Word wrap à This feature by which word automatically moves the text to next line when
It reaches the screen is known as word wrap.
In order to enable the word wrap just select the command from editàword wrap(check mark)
Appears and to disenable this do the same in (check mark disappears)
set font: This command set the font size, font name and style of the
Text (bold. italic) To entire file
Search:
To search for specific text in the file (letter, word,) can search.
Task bar :
The rectangular bar runs horizontally across the bottom of the screen is called taskbar. It
Includes start button , current time and the user is working the items are listed on the task bar.
The item shows you the names of the windows currently open on the desktop. The user can easily switch to different windows by clicking on its taskbar button.
Hiding the taskbar : right mouse button , click on the empty area of the taskbar
à listing command for the taskbar
à select properties
à click on “taskbar options” tab
à select auto Hide and than click ok
setting using taskbar options
à always on top
à show small icons in start menu
à show clock
Adding commands to the start menu :
Right click taskbar à start up menu à click add à browse à select one particular file.
MICROSYSS
Give the name of the file à finished à click ok .
My computer :
it is used to view the contents of a single folder or drive . Double click on
“ My computer “ on your desktop to display the drives available on your computer . it display
the folders available on that drive . there shall be folder for control panel , printers, and
dial up networking Double click a folder to see the files within the folders.
Windows explorer :
Windows explorer displays your files in a hierarchical structure. The left side of the windows explorer windows display the list of drives and folder, the right side display the contents of a select folder this is especially useful for copying and moving files .
you can open the folder that
Can contains the files you want to move or copy and than drag it to the folder you want to put it
Internet explorer :
Internet explorer is used to find and view information about anything on the web site
Internet explorer makes it easier to get more information from the world wide web site, Whether you are searching for new information or browsing your favorite web site.
Network neighborhood :
If the computer are connected to network , work you can use “Network” neighborhood to browse the network resources.
Recycle bin :
Recycle bin is an area that holds discarded items usually files and folder can store
The discarded items can be restored.
Double click ( Recycle bin ) à right click on the items à click on restore
Items can be permanently deleted if we click on “Delete” option instead of “Restore”
Recycle Bin properties :
Right click on the recycle bin --> properties .
Global : This option is used to set the drives independently or individually. In this option the size of the recycle bin can be to maximum percentage. In the second tab or the “C” drive can set the size allocated for recycle bin and in the same way for the D: drives.
Help :
Microsoft help used to learn more about windows 98 it help to find the contents and also
Troubleshoots the problem faced by the system.
Start à helpà search
à The search dialog box appears
à select the word or phrase you want to search for
à select “ show “Topic “
à select one of the topic in the lower list box and click on “ Go” TO “ button
Find :
This feature basically used for quickly locate the files and folders .
Start à find
In the named box type all or part of the file name
If the name of the particular file is not known click on
Browse and then
à Open the folder and click Ok
à click find now
Find:
Find tool is used to find any kind of files or folder in the directories and sub directories. Some option are like date and advanced to find files of any kind.
Start --> find --> files and folder.
Type the extension, in the box provided and select the folder in the location box to search and finally click “find now” button on the right side.
To find the files and folders according to the date they are created,
Select the “date” tab:
All files --> represents all the files you have mentioned in the “name and location” tab;
Find all files : represents all the files given between two dates.
Advanced : in advanced tab select a file type in “Off Type” and also mention it’s size.
Media Player:
Media player is used for audio, video, and animations. It is also used to control the hardware devices related to multimedia.
Start à programs à Accessories à Entertainment à Media Player.
To open file, File à open à browse à select the file àok.
Printer:
Printer is an out put device used to get the hard copy from the system. To get the printouts of any information from the system, give the required information of the file and also for the printer. Before going to print a file, mention the printer’s name and paper properties. Otherwise, it selects the default printer.
To install a printer:
Start à settings à printers à Add printer.
Right click the “add printer” à next à local printer à Select the name of the manufacturer from the left pane and it’s printer’s name from the right slide à next à set “no” for default printer à set “no” for the print out sample. à ok.
Scheduled Task:
This tool is used to run any application as per the schedule. The tools or application scheduled in this tool are run automatically as per the given date and time.
To Add Scheduled task:
Start à programs à accessories à system tools à Scheduled task.
Right click the “Add scheduled tasks” à Open à next à Select the application à next à select the option to perform the task. àselect the day and the time à next à finish.
Scandisk :
This tool is used to check errors in the system area and in the data area.
If any errors are found, scandisk rectifies and deletes the unwanted files from
the system.
Start à programs à Accessories à system Tools à scandisk
Select “standard” for files and folder to check errors. Inorder to check system
Files and folder, select “through” à options. Give tick to any one of the options.
The first one checks the “system” as well as the data area. The second checks
System area and the third one checks the data area only.
Disk Defragmenter:
This tool first fragments the disk and then defragments it. It removes all the unwanted files and folder which are not useful for the user. By doing so, it
Increases the space as well as the processing speed of the CPU.
Start à programs à Acccessories à system toIols à disk defragmnentor
Disk Clean Up : Clears all the errors from the files and folder.
Difference between Dos and Windows:
DOS WINDOWS
1. 8/16 bit O/S 1. Windows 32 bit O/S
2. single user 2. Multi user
3. Single Tasking 3. Multi Tasking
4. Single Threading 4. Multi threading
5. CUI (character 5. GUI ( Graphical User Interface)
User Interface)
Control Panel :
Control panel used set the settings for the system such as number formats in case of numbers, settings related to characters, date and time,
Mouse settings, appearance of the window, etc.
The main option available are:
1. Add or Remove Programs
2. Date and Time
3. Desktop Themes
4. Display
5. Mouse
6. Keyboard.
7. Regional Settings
1. Add or Remove Program : This is an important tool used to add or to remove any programs from the system. By using this tool, it is easy to add any programs if required and if not in use, it can be removed.
2. Date and Time : The Date and Time window is used to set the current date and system time. The time is shown on the task bar.
Start à settings à control panel à date and time.
3. Desktop Themes : This option gives different settings for the text, background, font, style, etc. There are many settings in this tool. For each and every theme, different font style, background, text color , etc changes.
Start à settings à control panel à desktop themes.
4. Display : Displays about the background settings of the monitor and it’s display functions. Background is used for the appearance of the desktop area and screen saver used to save the screen when the system is free. Appearance sets the style for the windows and its text properties and it’s display properties.
5. Mouse : Mouse is the pointing device used to point the objects. Using mouse one can do any operations easily like saving the file, creating a folder, printing the file, placing the cursor in the desired location, etc
6. Mouse, button option is used for the left handed and the right handed properties, pointer tab is used for the different shapes of the pointer used by the mouse in different situations. And the motion Tab is used to control the motion / speed of the mouse pointer.
7. Keyboard : Keyboard is an input device. It’s a standard device used to feed information in the system. The properties available are speed and the language. The speed indicates the cursor speed rate and the delay speed of the text and also the repeat speed of the text. The keyboard must set to understand a language.
8. Regional Settings : Regional settings is an important tool that any changes made here affects in all the applications. The changes can be made on numbers, currency, area, date and the time functions. For numbers, it can be on decimal symbols, negative symbols, grouping, etc. For date, it has long form and short form, etc. For currency, the formats will be different in different locations.
Computer:
A computer is an electronic & electrical device that automatically accepts stores
Manipulates data and gives the output.
Software :
software refers to the set of computer programs , procedures and associated
Documents that describe the programs and how they are to be used.
Hardware :
Hardware refers to components or individual pieces of the equipments or the physical
Devices of a computer.
Windows :
windows is an operating system introducing by Microsoft corporation. Windows is a
Multi-user , multi-threading , graphical user interface (gui) environment that runs on ms dos
Based Computers. windows provides a standard interface such as mouse .
Mouse is a pointing device.
Multi-tasking :
No of jobs ie. Two or more different independent program by the same computer.
Multi-processing :
program processing at time two or more inter – connected computers.
Muli-threading :
No of functions to be executed from same application package.
GUI : Graphical user interface that allows users to select file . programs or commands or pointing
Pictorial representations on the screen rather than by typing in the command prompt.
Desktop : it is the area on the screen where you work.
The icon :
The pictorial representation of the excutable files that can be run on windows
The user can find the icons in the program menu . they are small symbols with their
Application names written next to it .
PAINT
Start à Accessories à paint
Paintbrush : It is a drawing application by which we can create new pictures and
Also we can edit, scan photos. This application contains a toolbox and color box
On the left and bottom of the board .
Menu commands :
New à to create a new file.
Open à we can open any existed files
Save à we can save our work drawing file
Save as à we can save the working file as a new file ( copy of a file )
Page setup à we can specify the paper size source orientation .
( how the drawing prints on the paper vertically horizontally and also we can set
margins) (top, bottom, left, right)
set as wallpaper à This command we can set our drawing of paint as a wall paper
(background on desktop)
In the center of the screen of if it is a small picture can place it number of times
By using tiled options
Send : This command is used to send our picture as email attachment ( e-mail)
Undo à (ctrl + z) is used to get back previous position .
Cut à ( ctrl + x ) is used to cut the select the portion.
Copy à ( ctrl + c) is used to copy the object
Paste à ( ctrl + v ) is used to paste the copied or cut portion of the picture .
Paste from à we can paste the picture selected from other applications
Notepad
Notepad is a edit to create short text files, such as Memos or notes. A text files contain only letters , and other characters on key boards .
It does not contain special characters or formatting codes that are normally used in word
Processors .
Start à programs à accessories à notepad
File : -----
New à to create a new text file
Open à we can open and see the exited text file
Save à we can save the present working text file
After saving the file we have to save Avery 5 mints
MICROSYSS
Save as à saves the file with another name ( copy of a file )
Page setup à this is to specify the paper size source margins of the papers
Print à to take a copy of on the paper by using printer
Exit à to quit from notepad
Edit : -----
Undo (ctrl + z)à this is to get back the previous actions
Cut(ctrl + x)àfirst select the text and then edit à cut . place the cursor in the desired location Then edit à paste.
Copy (ctrl + c ) à to copy the text first select the desired text and then use paste command
Paste ( ctrl + v) à this command is to paste the cut or copied text .
Delete à select the text and use this command to remove it from the file
Select all à In order to select entire file click on this
Time / data (f5) à This command used to insert present time and date in to our file
Word wrap à This feature by which word automatically moves the text to next line when
It reaches the screen is known as word wrap.
In order to enable the word wrap just select the command from editàword wrap(check mark)
Appears and to disenable this do the same in (check mark disappears)
set font: This command set the font size, font name and style of the
Text (bold. italic) To entire file
Search:
To search for specific text in the file (letter, word,) can search.
Task bar :
The rectangular bar runs horizontally across the bottom of the screen is called taskbar. It
Includes start button , current time and the user is working the items are listed on the task bar.
The item shows you the names of the windows currently open on the desktop. The user can easily switch to different windows by clicking on its taskbar button.
Hiding the taskbar : right mouse button , click on the empty area of the taskbar
à listing command for the taskbar
à select properties
à click on “taskbar options” tab
à select auto Hide and than click ok
setting using taskbar options
à always on top
à show small icons in start menu
à show clock
Adding commands to the start menu :
Right click taskbar à start up menu à click add à browse à select one particular file.
MICROSYSS
Give the name of the file à finished à click ok .
My computer :
it is used to view the contents of a single folder or drive . Double click on
“ My computer “ on your desktop to display the drives available on your computer . it display
the folders available on that drive . there shall be folder for control panel , printers, and
dial up networking Double click a folder to see the files within the folders.
Windows explorer :
Windows explorer displays your files in a hierarchical structure. The left side of the windows explorer windows display the list of drives and folder, the right side display the contents of a select folder this is especially useful for copying and moving files .
you can open the folder that
Can contains the files you want to move or copy and than drag it to the folder you want to put it
Internet explorer :
Internet explorer is used to find and view information about anything on the web site
Internet explorer makes it easier to get more information from the world wide web site, Whether you are searching for new information or browsing your favorite web site.
Network neighborhood :
If the computer are connected to network , work you can use “Network” neighborhood to browse the network resources.
Recycle bin :
Recycle bin is an area that holds discarded items usually files and folder can store
The discarded items can be restored.
Double click ( Recycle bin ) à right click on the items à click on restore
Items can be permanently deleted if we click on “Delete” option instead of “Restore”
Recycle Bin properties :
Right click on the recycle bin --> properties .
Global : This option is used to set the drives independently or individually. In this option the size of the recycle bin can be to maximum percentage. In the second tab or the “C” drive can set the size allocated for recycle bin and in the same way for the D: drives.
Help :
Microsoft help used to learn more about windows 98 it help to find the contents and also
Troubleshoots the problem faced by the system.
Start à helpà search
à The search dialog box appears
à select the word or phrase you want to search for
à select “ show “Topic “
à select one of the topic in the lower list box and click on “ Go” TO “ button
Find :
This feature basically used for quickly locate the files and folders .
Start à find
In the named box type all or part of the file name
If the name of the particular file is not known click on
Browse and then
à Open the folder and click Ok
à click find now
Find:
Find tool is used to find any kind of files or folder in the directories and sub directories. Some option are like date and advanced to find files of any kind.
Start --> find --> files and folder.
Type the extension, in the box provided and select the folder in the location box to search and finally click “find now” button on the right side.
To find the files and folders according to the date they are created,
Select the “date” tab:
All files --> represents all the files you have mentioned in the “name and location” tab;
Find all files : represents all the files given between two dates.
Advanced : in advanced tab select a file type in “Off Type” and also mention it’s size.
Media Player:
Media player is used for audio, video, and animations. It is also used to control the hardware devices related to multimedia.
Start à programs à Accessories à Entertainment à Media Player.
To open file, File à open à browse à select the file àok.
Printer:
Printer is an out put device used to get the hard copy from the system. To get the printouts of any information from the system, give the required information of the file and also for the printer. Before going to print a file, mention the printer’s name and paper properties. Otherwise, it selects the default printer.
To install a printer:
Start à settings à printers à Add printer.
Right click the “add printer” à next à local printer à Select the name of the manufacturer from the left pane and it’s printer’s name from the right slide à next à set “no” for default printer à set “no” for the print out sample. à ok.
Scheduled Task:
This tool is used to run any application as per the schedule. The tools or application scheduled in this tool are run automatically as per the given date and time.
To Add Scheduled task:
Start à programs à accessories à system tools à Scheduled task.
Right click the “Add scheduled tasks” à Open à next à Select the application à next à select the option to perform the task. àselect the day and the time à next à finish.
Scandisk :
This tool is used to check errors in the system area and in the data area.
If any errors are found, scandisk rectifies and deletes the unwanted files from
the system.
Start à programs à Accessories à system Tools à scandisk
Select “standard” for files and folder to check errors. Inorder to check system
Files and folder, select “through” à options. Give tick to any one of the options.
The first one checks the “system” as well as the data area. The second checks
System area and the third one checks the data area only.
Disk Defragmenter:
This tool first fragments the disk and then defragments it. It removes all the unwanted files and folder which are not useful for the user. By doing so, it
Increases the space as well as the processing speed of the CPU.
Start à programs à Acccessories à system toIols à disk defragmnentor
Disk Clean Up : Clears all the errors from the files and folder.
Difference between Dos and Windows:
DOS WINDOWS
1. 8/16 bit O/S 1. Windows 32 bit O/S
2. single user 2. Multi user
3. Single Tasking 3. Multi Tasking
4. Single Threading 4. Multi threading
5. CUI (character 5. GUI ( Graphical User Interface)
User Interface)
Control Panel :
Control panel used set the settings for the system such as number formats in case of numbers, settings related to characters, date and time,
Mouse settings, appearance of the window, etc.
The main option available are:
1. Add or Remove Programs
2. Date and Time
3. Desktop Themes
4. Display
5. Mouse
6. Keyboard.
7. Regional Settings
1. Add or Remove Program : This is an important tool used to add or to remove any programs from the system. By using this tool, it is easy to add any programs if required and if not in use, it can be removed.
2. Date and Time : The Date and Time window is used to set the current date and system time. The time is shown on the task bar.
Start à settings à control panel à date and time.
3. Desktop Themes : This option gives different settings for the text, background, font, style, etc. There are many settings in this tool. For each and every theme, different font style, background, text color , etc changes.
Start à settings à control panel à desktop themes.
4. Display : Displays about the background settings of the monitor and it’s display functions. Background is used for the appearance of the desktop area and screen saver used to save the screen when the system is free. Appearance sets the style for the windows and its text properties and it’s display properties.
5. Mouse : Mouse is the pointing device used to point the objects. Using mouse one can do any operations easily like saving the file, creating a folder, printing the file, placing the cursor in the desired location, etc
6. Mouse, button option is used for the left handed and the right handed properties, pointer tab is used for the different shapes of the pointer used by the mouse in different situations. And the motion Tab is used to control the motion / speed of the mouse pointer.
7. Keyboard : Keyboard is an input device. It’s a standard device used to feed information in the system. The properties available are speed and the language. The speed indicates the cursor speed rate and the delay speed of the text and also the repeat speed of the text. The keyboard must set to understand a language.
8. Regional Settings : Regional settings is an important tool that any changes made here affects in all the applications. The changes can be made on numbers, currency, area, date and the time functions. For numbers, it can be on decimal symbols, negative symbols, grouping, etc. For date, it has long form and short form, etc. For currency, the formats will be different in different locations.
ALL SHORTCUT KEYS IN MS-WORD
Ctrl + A : Select all
Ctrl + B : To make Bold for selected text
Ctrl + C : To copy objects or selected text to clip board
Ctrl + D : Font Specifications
Ctrl + E : Center alignment of selected text
Ctrl + F : To find the required text
Ctrl + G : To go to the required page or line or section
Ctrl + H : To replace the selected text with required text
Ctrl + I : To make italic to the selected text
Ctrl + J : To male justification alignment for selected text
Ctrl + K : To insert an Hyperlink to selected text
Ctrl + L : To apply left alignment for selected text
Ctrl + M : To increase the left indent
Ctrl + N : To create a new document
Ctrl + O : To open existing document
Ctrl + P : To print the current document
Ctrl + Q : To reset the selected Para
Ctrl + R : To apply the right alignment of selected text
Ctrl + S : To save the current file or document
Ctrl + T : To increase the left tab position
Ctrl + U : To make an underline to selected text
Ctrl + V : To paste form the clip board
Ctrl + W : To close the current document
Ctrl + X : To cut the selected text or objects
Ctrl + Y : To redo the undo operation
Ctrl + Z : To undo the previous operation
Ctrl + 1 : Single line space between selected lines
Ctrl + 2 : Double line space between selected lines
Ctrl + 5 : One and half line space between selected lines
Ctrl + Shift + M : To decrease the left indent
Ctrl + Shift + T : To decrease left tab position
Ctrl + Shift + F : Forced justification of selected text
Ctrl + ] : To increase the font size of selected text
Ctrl + [ : To decrease the font size of selected text
Ctrl + Shift + = : To switch ON/OFF superscript
Ctrl + = : To switch ON/OFF subscript
Shift + F10 : Context menu of selected text
MS Power Point
Power Point
PowerPoint is a presentation package we can present a good presentation about particular topic. Presentation contains information in slides we can insert object in slides to prepare beautiful application .
Objects we can insert in a slide as follows
· Textbox
· AutoShapes
· Frames
· WordArt
· Clip Art
· Picture
· Background Settings
· Audio
· Video
By using this application we can design animation, cartoons, notes and seminar applications etc.
Start à Program à Microsoft PowerPoint
(or)
Start à Run à Powerpnt à then press à Enter
Pack and Go:
This tool helps to pack all the slides of a presentation stores in a folder so that it can be accessed by any user whose system is connected to LAN. It means that “pack and Go” tool sends the presentation to all the users.
File à Pack and Go à next à Active presentation à next , choose destination à browse à select a folder à next à next à finish.
Slide sorter :
In slide sorter view you can see entire presentation (all slides )
Displayed in miniature . you can add slide transitions an preview slide transitions, animations, and timings . we can move slides form one place to another place in a presentation and also move or copy slides . this tools will be displayed at the left bottom of the screen in view menu .
View à slide sorter .
To return, view à Normal
Notes page :
By using this command we can add notes to a slide . it will be useful to the user to remember the things at runtime . notes page is found below the slide titled “ add notes “ .
Slide master :
PowerPoint comes with a special type of slide called the slide master . the slide master controls text characteristics ---- such as font type, size, and color --- called “ master text “ as well as background color and certain special effects such as shadowing and bullet style .
View à master à slide master .
Make some changes in the font style, font color , background, etc .
Finally close it .
Slides from files
This command option is mainly used to embed slides from other files in the current document .
To open slides from other files .
Click insert menu àselect “slides from files “
A slide finder “ window appears and select “ find presentation “ àbrowse
à select a file à click “ open “ you can find some slides inserted in the box of selected à click on “ Add to favorites “
select the List of favorites “ tab à select the filename
à click on “ insert all “ à close .
Design templates
Design templates contain color schemes , slide and title masters with custom Formatting , and styled fonts, all designed to create a particular look .
When you apply a design template to your presentation , the slide master
Title master and color scheme of the original presentation.After you apply a design template each slide you add has the same custom look
Open the presentation you want to apply a different design on the formatting toolbar, and then click Apply Design template .
Find and select the design you want to use ---- or any presentation whose design you want to use ---- and then click Apply .
Rehearse timings
You can set timings for your slides before you rehearse , or you can Set them automatically while you rehearse . if you set them before you rehearse you find it easiest to work in slide sorter view where you see miniatures of each slide in your presentation .
You can also set a different timing for each slide.
slide show à rehearse timings à after few seconds go on for the next slides .
Action buttons
PowerPoint also comes with some ready made action buttons you can insert in your presentations and define hyperlinks for . Action buttons contain shapes
Such as right and left arrows . use them when you want to include commonly understood symbols for going to next previous first and last slides .
First select the slide you want place button on .
To place button every slide .
Go to slide show à action buttons
Ex : home, back, next, forward, end, or return .
Custom Animation
This option is used to animate text and object
1. In normal display the slide that as a text or objects you want to animate.
2. On the Slide Show menu Click Customer Animation, and click Effects Tabs.
3. If you animating a Chart created in Microsoft Graph, Click the chart effect tab.
4. Under Check to animate slide objects, select the check the check box next to the text or object you want to animate.
5. Under Entry animation and sound and Introduce text (if you are animating text),select the option you want.
6. Repeat step 3 and 4 for every object you want to animate.
7. Click the order and timing tab.
8. To change the order of animation select the object you want to change under animation Order and then click one of the Arrows to move the objects up or down in the list.
To set timing, select the object and then do one of the following :
1. To start the animation by clicking the text or object, click on mouse click .
2 . To start the animation automatically, click Automatically, and then enter the numbers of seconds you want to elapse between the previous animation and the current one .
To preview animations click preview .
Animation preview :
Display the slide you want to preview.
1. On the Slide Show menu, click Animation Preview.
2. The transition and animation play in the Animation Preview window that appears. To replay the effects, click the Animation Preview window.
Slide Transition
A Special effect used to introduce a slide during a slide show. For example, dissolve from one slide to another. You can choose the transitions you vary the speed of each.
1. On the Slide Show menu, Click Slide Transition.
2. In the Effect box, select our required transition effect from combo box then Click on Apply (or) Apply All Button then
3. Run the Slide (F5)
Custom Show
A presentation within a presentation. When you create a custom show, you group slides in an existing presentation so that you can easily show that section of the presentation to a particular audience.
To create a custom show , Click Custom Shows on the Slide Show menu
Custom Show
Under Slides in presentation, select the slides you want to include in the custom show, and then click Add.
To select multiple slides, hold down CTRL as you click the slides.
To change the order in which slides appear ,select a slide, and then click one of the arrows to move the slide up or down in the list. Type a name in the Slide show name box , and then click Ok.
Important Questions
1. Write about features of PowerPoint
2. Explain about pack and go wizard and slide Sorter
3. Explain about Slide Master and Handouts
4. Meeting Minder, Rehearse timings, and Design Templates.
5. Explain about Custom Animation and Preset Animation.
6. Explain about slide transition and custom show.
PowerPoint is a presentation package we can present a good presentation about particular topic. Presentation contains information in slides we can insert object in slides to prepare beautiful application .
Objects we can insert in a slide as follows
· Textbox
· AutoShapes
· Frames
· WordArt
· Clip Art
· Picture
· Background Settings
· Audio
· Video
By using this application we can design animation, cartoons, notes and seminar applications etc.
Start à Program à Microsoft PowerPoint
(or)
Start à Run à Powerpnt à then press à Enter
Pack and Go:
This tool helps to pack all the slides of a presentation stores in a folder so that it can be accessed by any user whose system is connected to LAN. It means that “pack and Go” tool sends the presentation to all the users.
File à Pack and Go à next à Active presentation à next , choose destination à browse à select a folder à next à next à finish.
Slide sorter :
In slide sorter view you can see entire presentation (all slides )
Displayed in miniature . you can add slide transitions an preview slide transitions, animations, and timings . we can move slides form one place to another place in a presentation and also move or copy slides . this tools will be displayed at the left bottom of the screen in view menu .
View à slide sorter .
To return, view à Normal
Notes page :
By using this command we can add notes to a slide . it will be useful to the user to remember the things at runtime . notes page is found below the slide titled “ add notes “ .
Slide master :
PowerPoint comes with a special type of slide called the slide master . the slide master controls text characteristics ---- such as font type, size, and color --- called “ master text “ as well as background color and certain special effects such as shadowing and bullet style .
View à master à slide master .
Make some changes in the font style, font color , background, etc .
Finally close it .
Slides from files
This command option is mainly used to embed slides from other files in the current document .
To open slides from other files .
Click insert menu àselect “slides from files “
A slide finder “ window appears and select “ find presentation “ àbrowse
à select a file à click “ open “ you can find some slides inserted in the box of selected à click on “ Add to favorites “
select the List of favorites “ tab à select the filename
à click on “ insert all “ à close .
Design templates
Design templates contain color schemes , slide and title masters with custom Formatting , and styled fonts, all designed to create a particular look .
When you apply a design template to your presentation , the slide master
Title master and color scheme of the original presentation.After you apply a design template each slide you add has the same custom look
Open the presentation you want to apply a different design on the formatting toolbar, and then click Apply Design template .
Find and select the design you want to use ---- or any presentation whose design you want to use ---- and then click Apply .
Rehearse timings
You can set timings for your slides before you rehearse , or you can Set them automatically while you rehearse . if you set them before you rehearse you find it easiest to work in slide sorter view where you see miniatures of each slide in your presentation .
You can also set a different timing for each slide.
slide show à rehearse timings à after few seconds go on for the next slides .
Action buttons
PowerPoint also comes with some ready made action buttons you can insert in your presentations and define hyperlinks for . Action buttons contain shapes
Such as right and left arrows . use them when you want to include commonly understood symbols for going to next previous first and last slides .
First select the slide you want place button on .
To place button every slide .
Go to slide show à action buttons
Ex : home, back, next, forward, end, or return .
Custom Animation
This option is used to animate text and object
1. In normal display the slide that as a text or objects you want to animate.
2. On the Slide Show menu Click Customer Animation, and click Effects Tabs.
3. If you animating a Chart created in Microsoft Graph, Click the chart effect tab.
4. Under Check to animate slide objects, select the check the check box next to the text or object you want to animate.
5. Under Entry animation and sound and Introduce text (if you are animating text),select the option you want.
6. Repeat step 3 and 4 for every object you want to animate.
7. Click the order and timing tab.
8. To change the order of animation select the object you want to change under animation Order and then click one of the Arrows to move the objects up or down in the list.
To set timing, select the object and then do one of the following :
1. To start the animation by clicking the text or object, click on mouse click .
2 . To start the animation automatically, click Automatically, and then enter the numbers of seconds you want to elapse between the previous animation and the current one .
To preview animations click preview .
Animation preview :
Display the slide you want to preview.
1. On the Slide Show menu, click Animation Preview.
2. The transition and animation play in the Animation Preview window that appears. To replay the effects, click the Animation Preview window.
Slide Transition
A Special effect used to introduce a slide during a slide show. For example, dissolve from one slide to another. You can choose the transitions you vary the speed of each.
1. On the Slide Show menu, Click Slide Transition.
2. In the Effect box, select our required transition effect from combo box then Click on Apply (or) Apply All Button then
3. Run the Slide (F5)
Custom Show
A presentation within a presentation. When you create a custom show, you group slides in an existing presentation so that you can easily show that section of the presentation to a particular audience.
To create a custom show , Click Custom Shows on the Slide Show menu
Custom Show
Under Slides in presentation, select the slides you want to include in the custom show, and then click Add.
To select multiple slides, hold down CTRL as you click the slides.
To change the order in which slides appear ,select a slide, and then click one of the arrows to move the slide up or down in the list. Type a name in the Slide show name box , and then click Ok.
Important Questions
1. Write about features of PowerPoint
2. Explain about pack and go wizard and slide Sorter
3. Explain about Slide Master and Handouts
4. Meeting Minder, Rehearse timings, and Design Templates.
5. Explain about Custom Animation and Preset Animation.
6. Explain about slide transition and custom show.
Microsoft excel spread sheet references
Ms-Excel
Overview: A spreadsheet is like an accountant's ledger. As with a ledger, it consists of a grid of rows and columns that enables you to organize data into a manageable form. Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows you to organize data, complete calculations, make decisions, graph data, and develop professional-looking reports.
There are three major parts of Excel or any other spreadsheet program:
· Worksheets. Allow you to enter, calculate, manipulate and analyze data.
· Charts. Pictorially represent data in two-dimensional and three-dimensional charts.
· Databases. Help manage data. For instance, once the data is entered, the software program can then sort the data, search for specific data, and select data that meets a criteria. An advantage to using a spreadsheet program is that data can be recomputed instantly. For instance, if you change a student's score for a particular test, the spreadsheet program will automatically recalculate the total score to reflect the newly entered data. This cannot be done with a paper ledger unless you have an eraser or whiteout available near you
Screen Layout : Before one can use the Microsoft Excel program, certain screen features need to be addressed. Although many of the elements are the same as other Microsoft Office products, a few are very unique to spreadsheets (or Excel). The graphic below offers these unique, and
Common features include the Title bar, Menu bar, Standard Toolbar, and Format Toolbar. However, the unique features are the Sheet Tabs, Chart Toolbar, and Formula Bar. These unique features are explained below.
· Sheet Tabs - In Microsoft Excel, a workbook is the file in which you work and store your data and can contain many worksheets. Various kinds of related information can be organized in a single file through worksheets. The names of the sheets appear on tabs at the bottom of the workbook window.
· To toggle between sheets, just click the sheet tabs.
· Chart Toolbar - In Microsoft Excel, creating charts and graphs are common. Thus, there is a special toolbar designated toward the creating and editing of Excel charts and graphs. Most often, when you work on a chart or graph, the toolbar will appear. If it does not, go to View, then to Toolbars, and select Chart.
· Formula Bar - As data is entered into the cells, it appears in the formula bar at the top of the screen. It displays the content of the active call which can be edited later. The formula bar can display text, numbers, formulas, and functions. Certain features of the formula bar is given below.
Row and Column Headings
A spreadsheet is divided into rows and columns that are assigned to a heading. Rows are given numeric values that can range from 1 to 16,000. Columns, on the other hand, are assigned alphabetic headings from column A to Z, then continue from AA to AZ and then from BA to BZ and so on.
Cell Referencing
The cell is the intersection between a row and a column. Each cell is also identified by a cell reference such A1, B1, C1, and so on. The letter identifies the column and the number identifies the row.So, when someone tells you to look at the data in Cell B5, you first look at Column B and then scan down to Row 5. This will become Cell B5. In the example below, Cell B5 contains Walker's grade on Test 1 (which is a 90).
Working with the Data: Selecting a Cell
Before entering data into a cell, you must first select it by using one of the various methods:
MICROSYSS
· Click your mouse within the cell.
· Use the Arrow keys to move around the spreadsheet (up/down, left/right).
· Use the Tab key to move to the next cell within the same row.
· Use the Enter key to move the next cell down within the same column
Entering and Editing Data
When you see a heavy border around the cell, the cell is active and ready to take in the data.
To enter data into cells, just type in your data. Soon as you enter the text, a number, a formula or function, you will see the results in the Formula Bar.
if you want to give your worksheet a title, just click in a cell and type your title. For column headings, click in the appropriate cell and type in your heading. The same applies to rows. Look at the graphic below to see how headings and titles may look like in a spreadsheet.
To edit data within a cell, one can use one of two methods. First, a user could click within the cell and edit data that way. Second, a user could click within the formula bar to edit data. Either way, the data selected will be changed depending upon what you do.
When you see a heavy border around the cell, the cell is active and ready to take in the data.To enter data into cells, just type in your data. Soon as you enter the text, a number, a formula or function, you will see the results in the Formula Bar.
If you want to give your worksheet a title, just click in a cell and type your title. For column headings, click in the appropriate cell and type in your heading. The same applies to rows. Look at the graphic below to see how headings and titles may look like in a spreadsheet.. To clear data from multiple cells, move your mouse over the first cell within the group. A fat plus sign should be seen. Now, click and drag that fat plus sign over the selected cells until they are highlighted (grayed out). Then, use one of the methods mentioned above (easiest way is to press the Delete key).
Moving the Data: Moving data within a worksheet can be tricky at first if there is a lot of information on the worksheet. If data is minimal, it is easier to move about within the worksheet. Data such as text, numbers, formulas and functions, and charts can be moved from one location to another. The nice thing about Excel is that a formula or function will recalculate with the new set of cells after the move.
Managing Excel Worksheets:1) Opening and Closing Spreadsheets
This section will discuss certain procedures for starting and closing the Excel progra
m.
There are two ways to open the program:
· Double-click on the Excel icon located on the desktop.
· Click on the Start button and then go to Programs. Locate Microsoft Excel and click on that to start the program.
Once the program initiates, you will see a screen like the one below:
There are two ways to close the existing workbook.
· Go to File in the menu bar and select Close (or Exit if you want to exit Excel completely).
· Click on the Close button for that particular window (be careful not click on the Excel exit button).
Formulas and Functions:
Functions: A formula may also include a function, or predefined computational task, such as the AVERAGE or SUM function. Functions are useful when you want to perform calculations without having to type the formula (e.g., =(B3+C3+2D3)/4) in the formula bar.
Example:
Start with an equal sign. =
Followed by the name of the function. =SUM
A left parenthesis. =SUM(
Values to be used by the function. =SUM(B3:D3
A closing right parenthesis. =SUM(B3:D3)
Formatting Toolbar: There are many things that one can do to improve the appearance and presentation of spreadsheets. Changing the format of numeric data, adding shading and borders, and merging cells are just a few of the editing methods one can use to improve the appearance of spreadsheets. The formatting toolbar contains many features that can be used to edit the appearance of spreadsheets. These are explained below:
Font Typeface - Change the typeface of the font in a selected cell(s). To change font typeface for multiple cells, select the cells and then change the typeface.
Font Size - Change the size of the font in a selected cell(s). To change font size for multiple cells, select the cells and then change the typeface. To change font size for multiple cells, select the cells and then change the size.
Font Style - Change the font to bold, italicize, or underline. To change font typeface for multiple cells, select the cells and then change the typeface.
Alignment - Change the alignment of certain cells to either left, right or centered aligned. Select the cell(s) and click one of the buttons.
Merge Cells - Merge several cells into one cell. Select the cells desired and then click on the Merge Cell button.
Number Format - Change the appearance of data into currency ($), percent (%), or comma (.00) style. Select the desired cells and click on one of the buttons.
Decimal Places - Increase or decrease the number of decimal places. Select the cell or cells and click on one of the buttons.
Borders - Add borders to a selected cell(s). Click on a cell or highlight several cells and click the border button. If you want variation in the borders' appearance, click the down arrow to bring a dropdown menu and click on your preferred style.
Fill Color - Add a fill color to a cell(s). Select the cell or cells and click on the Fill Color button. If you want another color, click on the down arrow next to the button to open another menu of colors.
Font Color - Change color of the font in an existing cell(s). Select the cell(s) and click on the Font Color button. If the color is not what you wanted, click on the down arrow.
Changing Numeric Data: Numeric (and textual) data can vary in form. One can change numeric data into a decimal, percentage, fraction, or currency form. There are others and one has much flexibility in the way numeric data is formatted.A new dialog window will appear with several tabs. Make sure that the Number tab is showing (if it is not, click on
Placing Borders around Cells: Cells in spreadsheets can have borders around them to help make the data appear more organized. In addition, the use of borders can also help accentuate certain data that you want readers to notice first.Using the Format Toolbar is one method for adding borders around cells. However, there is another method that allows users to have more control in the way data appears.
To add borders around cells containing data, go to Format in the
toolbar and click on Cells. A new dialog window will appear with several tabs. Make sure that the Border tab is showing (if it is not, click on it).
Merge Cells: Sometimes mergining multiple cells into one is necessary (especially for titles and labels) in worksheets. Merging multiple cells is not that difficult and there are two ways that this can be accomplished.
To merge cells using the format toolbar, follow the given steps:
· Once this button is clicked, the multiple cells that were selected turns into one elongated cell with center alignment. You are now ready to type in the data.
To merge cells using the toolbar option, follow the given steps:
· Select the cells to be merged by clicking on the first cell and dragging the mouse across to the other cells.
· After letting the mouse button loose, go to Format on the toolbar. Click on the Cells option.
· A Format Cells window will appear with several tabs. Choose the Alignment tab by clicking on it and click on the square near the Merge Cells options toward the bottom. In the Horizontal alignment section, select the format you want (e.g., Left, Right, Center, Fill, Center )
· Across selection.
·
Overview: A spreadsheet is like an accountant's ledger. As with a ledger, it consists of a grid of rows and columns that enables you to organize data into a manageable form. Excel is a spreadsheet program that allows you to organize data, complete calculations, make decisions, graph data, and develop professional-looking reports.
There are three major parts of Excel or any other spreadsheet program:
· Worksheets. Allow you to enter, calculate, manipulate and analyze data.
· Charts. Pictorially represent data in two-dimensional and three-dimensional charts.
· Databases. Help manage data. For instance, once the data is entered, the software program can then sort the data, search for specific data, and select data that meets a criteria. An advantage to using a spreadsheet program is that data can be recomputed instantly. For instance, if you change a student's score for a particular test, the spreadsheet program will automatically recalculate the total score to reflect the newly entered data. This cannot be done with a paper ledger unless you have an eraser or whiteout available near you
Screen Layout : Before one can use the Microsoft Excel program, certain screen features need to be addressed. Although many of the elements are the same as other Microsoft Office products, a few are very unique to spreadsheets (or Excel). The graphic below offers these unique, and
Common features include the Title bar, Menu bar, Standard Toolbar, and Format Toolbar. However, the unique features are the Sheet Tabs, Chart Toolbar, and Formula Bar. These unique features are explained below.
· Sheet Tabs - In Microsoft Excel, a workbook is the file in which you work and store your data and can contain many worksheets. Various kinds of related information can be organized in a single file through worksheets. The names of the sheets appear on tabs at the bottom of the workbook window.
· To toggle between sheets, just click the sheet tabs.
· Chart Toolbar - In Microsoft Excel, creating charts and graphs are common. Thus, there is a special toolbar designated toward the creating and editing of Excel charts and graphs. Most often, when you work on a chart or graph, the toolbar will appear. If it does not, go to View, then to Toolbars, and select Chart.
· Formula Bar - As data is entered into the cells, it appears in the formula bar at the top of the screen. It displays the content of the active call which can be edited later. The formula bar can display text, numbers, formulas, and functions. Certain features of the formula bar is given below.
Row and Column Headings
A spreadsheet is divided into rows and columns that are assigned to a heading. Rows are given numeric values that can range from 1 to 16,000. Columns, on the other hand, are assigned alphabetic headings from column A to Z, then continue from AA to AZ and then from BA to BZ and so on.
Cell Referencing
The cell is the intersection between a row and a column. Each cell is also identified by a cell reference such A1, B1, C1, and so on. The letter identifies the column and the number identifies the row.So, when someone tells you to look at the data in Cell B5, you first look at Column B and then scan down to Row 5. This will become Cell B5. In the example below, Cell B5 contains Walker's grade on Test 1 (which is a 90).
Working with the Data: Selecting a Cell
Before entering data into a cell, you must first select it by using one of the various methods:
MICROSYSS
· Click your mouse within the cell.
· Use the Arrow keys to move around the spreadsheet (up/down, left/right).
· Use the Tab key to move to the next cell within the same row.
· Use the Enter key to move the next cell down within the same column
Entering and Editing Data
When you see a heavy border around the cell, the cell is active and ready to take in the data.
To enter data into cells, just type in your data. Soon as you enter the text, a number, a formula or function, you will see the results in the Formula Bar.
if you want to give your worksheet a title, just click in a cell and type your title. For column headings, click in the appropriate cell and type in your heading. The same applies to rows. Look at the graphic below to see how headings and titles may look like in a spreadsheet.
To edit data within a cell, one can use one of two methods. First, a user could click within the cell and edit data that way. Second, a user could click within the formula bar to edit data. Either way, the data selected will be changed depending upon what you do.
When you see a heavy border around the cell, the cell is active and ready to take in the data.To enter data into cells, just type in your data. Soon as you enter the text, a number, a formula or function, you will see the results in the Formula Bar.
If you want to give your worksheet a title, just click in a cell and type your title. For column headings, click in the appropriate cell and type in your heading. The same applies to rows. Look at the graphic below to see how headings and titles may look like in a spreadsheet.. To clear data from multiple cells, move your mouse over the first cell within the group. A fat plus sign should be seen. Now, click and drag that fat plus sign over the selected cells until they are highlighted (grayed out). Then, use one of the methods mentioned above (easiest way is to press the Delete key).
Moving the Data: Moving data within a worksheet can be tricky at first if there is a lot of information on the worksheet. If data is minimal, it is easier to move about within the worksheet. Data such as text, numbers, formulas and functions, and charts can be moved from one location to another. The nice thing about Excel is that a formula or function will recalculate with the new set of cells after the move.
Managing Excel Worksheets:1) Opening and Closing Spreadsheets
This section will discuss certain procedures for starting and closing the Excel progra
m.
There are two ways to open the program:
· Double-click on the Excel icon located on the desktop.
· Click on the Start button and then go to Programs. Locate Microsoft Excel and click on that to start the program.
Once the program initiates, you will see a screen like the one below:
There are two ways to close the existing workbook.
· Go to File in the menu bar and select Close (or Exit if you want to exit Excel completely).
· Click on the Close button for that particular window (be careful not click on the Excel exit button).
Formulas and Functions:
Functions: A formula may also include a function, or predefined computational task, such as the AVERAGE or SUM function. Functions are useful when you want to perform calculations without having to type the formula (e.g., =(B3+C3+2D3)/4) in the formula bar.
Example:
Start with an equal sign. =
Followed by the name of the function. =SUM
A left parenthesis. =SUM(
Values to be used by the function. =SUM(B3:D3
A closing right parenthesis. =SUM(B3:D3)
Formatting Toolbar: There are many things that one can do to improve the appearance and presentation of spreadsheets. Changing the format of numeric data, adding shading and borders, and merging cells are just a few of the editing methods one can use to improve the appearance of spreadsheets. The formatting toolbar contains many features that can be used to edit the appearance of spreadsheets. These are explained below:
Font Typeface - Change the typeface of the font in a selected cell(s). To change font typeface for multiple cells, select the cells and then change the typeface.
Font Size - Change the size of the font in a selected cell(s). To change font size for multiple cells, select the cells and then change the typeface. To change font size for multiple cells, select the cells and then change the size.
Font Style - Change the font to bold, italicize, or underline. To change font typeface for multiple cells, select the cells and then change the typeface.
Alignment - Change the alignment of certain cells to either left, right or centered aligned. Select the cell(s) and click one of the buttons.
Merge Cells - Merge several cells into one cell. Select the cells desired and then click on the Merge Cell button.
Number Format - Change the appearance of data into currency ($), percent (%), or comma (.00) style. Select the desired cells and click on one of the buttons.
Decimal Places - Increase or decrease the number of decimal places. Select the cell or cells and click on one of the buttons.
Borders - Add borders to a selected cell(s). Click on a cell or highlight several cells and click the border button. If you want variation in the borders' appearance, click the down arrow to bring a dropdown menu and click on your preferred style.
Fill Color - Add a fill color to a cell(s). Select the cell or cells and click on the Fill Color button. If you want another color, click on the down arrow next to the button to open another menu of colors.
Font Color - Change color of the font in an existing cell(s). Select the cell(s) and click on the Font Color button. If the color is not what you wanted, click on the down arrow.
Changing Numeric Data: Numeric (and textual) data can vary in form. One can change numeric data into a decimal, percentage, fraction, or currency form. There are others and one has much flexibility in the way numeric data is formatted.A new dialog window will appear with several tabs. Make sure that the Number tab is showing (if it is not, click on
Placing Borders around Cells: Cells in spreadsheets can have borders around them to help make the data appear more organized. In addition, the use of borders can also help accentuate certain data that you want readers to notice first.Using the Format Toolbar is one method for adding borders around cells. However, there is another method that allows users to have more control in the way data appears.
To add borders around cells containing data, go to Format in the
toolbar and click on Cells. A new dialog window will appear with several tabs. Make sure that the Border tab is showing (if it is not, click on it).
Merge Cells: Sometimes mergining multiple cells into one is necessary (especially for titles and labels) in worksheets. Merging multiple cells is not that difficult and there are two ways that this can be accomplished.
To merge cells using the format toolbar, follow the given steps:
· Once this button is clicked, the multiple cells that were selected turns into one elongated cell with center alignment. You are now ready to type in the data.
To merge cells using the toolbar option, follow the given steps:
· Select the cells to be merged by clicking on the first cell and dragging the mouse across to the other cells.
· After letting the mouse button loose, go to Format on the toolbar. Click on the Cells option.
· A Format Cells window will appear with several tabs. Choose the Alignment tab by clicking on it and click on the square near the Merge Cells options toward the bottom. In the Horizontal alignment section, select the format you want (e.g., Left, Right, Center, Fill, Center )
· Across selection.
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